The Relationship Between Intellectual Property And Human Rights International Law Essay

The Relationship Between Intellectual Property And Human Rights International Law Essay The aim of this assignment is to consider the relationship between intellectual property and human rights. Intellectual property rights have spread out through many bilateral, regional and multilateral treaties and the importance of intellectual property is increasing with each passing day.  [1]  However, the rights stemmed from intellectual property have started up a harsh discussion with a human rights aspect due to its affects on human rights.  [2]   The problems derived from this relation have been developed in depth. In the first part, intellectual property-related human rights law and human rights-related intellectual property law are discussed. The TRIPS Agreement is analyzed and the discussion of whether intellectual property rights are human rights is examined according to the international instruments when appropriate. One of the more intriguing questions is whether intellectual property rights are human rights; to answer this, we should look at the international instruments. In part 2, the European Court of Human Rights decisions concerning whether the term possession in Article 1  [3]  of Protocol No. 1 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms includes intellectual property rights such as trade mark, copyright, patent. In part 3, TRIPS agreement and its impacts on the realization of human rights such as the tension between patents and right to health related to HIV and AIDS which mostly affects underdeveloped and developing countries are analyzed. I would like to clarify in advance that all related subjects concerning the relationship between intellectual property and human rights is not analysed since there are numerous branches stemmed from that relationship. Therefore, it is required to choose the most important and relevant parts of that relationship. For instance, some international instruments which are related to both intellectual property and human rights are not examined. Moreover, TRIPS Agreement does not only have negative effects on right to health but also on other human rights however only right to life is analysed due to the same reason. The relationship between human rights and intellectual property which were formerly strangers, are now becoming intimate bedfellows. This case is stated as For decades the two subjects developed in virtual isolation from each other. But in the last few years, international standard setting activities have begun to map previously uncharted intersections between intellectual property law on the one hand and human rights law on the other.  [4]   The interplay of human rights and intellectual property rights has reached new heights since the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) which was enacted in 1995 and hereafter states, courts scholar, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the World Trade Organisation WTO), the U.N Commission on Human Rights and the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has drawn more attention to this link.  [5]   Moreover, before TRIPs Agreement was entered into effect, there had already been some impacts to create this intimate bedfellow. The first one is the adaptation of non-binding document named UDHR in 1948 by General Assembly of the United Nations. After the Second World War, the problem of disregard and contempt for human rights broke out and the declaration arose from these affects of the Second World War which represents the first global expression of right. In the UDHR, the significantly important article in terms of intellectual property is Article 27(2) which is analysed below. In the mid-1960s, so as to make the UDHR binding, two covenants which are ICCPR and ICESCR were adopted. Under article 17 of the ICCPR and under article 15(1)(c) of ICESCR  [6]  the link between intellectual property and human rights is once more stated and more attention is drawn to that relationship and to the debates caused by this relationship. As a result, the relationship between intellectual property rights and human rights which is quite complicated and controversial has been at the centre of the heated debates for both IP and HR specialists for over half a century. The effect of IP rules on the ability of States to comply with their obligations under international human rights such as the duty to guarantee everybody access to affordable medicines is at the core of the debate.  [7]  Despite the fact that it is commonly known a perfect balance is probably unattainable, some international intellectual property rights such as the TRIPS Agreement recognise that optimal balance has to be created between intellectual property rights and human rights.  [8]  On the other hand, it is also argued that whether intellectual property rights are human rights. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY-RELATED HUMAN RIGHTS LAW The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(ICCPR) and its two Optional Protocols, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR) which were adopted in 1966, 1948 and 1966 respectively, form the International Bill of Human Rights. These instruments have always been used to argue that human rights covenants identify intellectual property rights as human rights.  [9]   As it is stated above Article 15(1)(c) of the ICESCR is related to the intellectual property and it recognises the right of everyone to benefit from both moral and material interests resulting from any literary, scientific or artistic production of which he is the author. Moreover, Article 15 (1) does not only talks about the protection of the material benefits of the author but also recognizes the right of people to take part in cultural life, enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications which means that article 15 impliedly mentions the need of balance between the rights of the author, who makes a specific contribution, with the individual and collective rights of society to benefit from this contribution.  [10]  According to some people this reading of the law is the proof of that the intellectual property rights are human rights.  [11]  12 Similarly, as it is stated above Article 27(2) of UDHR is related to the intellectual property and intellectual property rights are enshrine as human rights in the UDHR under that article which states that everyone has the right to protection of moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic work of which he is the author.  [13]  However, Article 27 of UDHR and Article 15 of ICESCR lead to some questions such as all intellectual property rights are human rights. (instead of saying lead to some questions and giving only one example, say emphases that question whether intellectual property rights human rights? ) According to the intellectual property right advocates these articles show that all intellectual property rights such as patents, trademarks, plant breeders rights are human rights.  [14]  In order to give a reasonable answer to this question, these provisions have to be examined closely in terms of the meaning of the term author. According to the majority of specialists in both areas, the term author does not contain only the word writer but also the breeder and inventor.  [15]  In my point of view, these provisions refer to the word author and it covers the copyright protection due to the usage of term author in copyright.(so from your point of view what is author containing and why? Only saying due to it covers protection of copyright is not enough. Make more comment) However, the word authors has to be interpreted narrowly according to the VCLT rules.  [16]  Therefore, for instance, the protection of moral and material benefits of authors cannot include the meaning of protection of the benefits of a patent. In other words, when we take into consideration of Article 27(2) of UDHR and article 15(1)(c) of ICESCR it is concluded from the interpretation of these two articles that all intellectual property rights are not accepted as human rights under these provisions. why? ( mesela 15 in a b c fikralari ndan bahset bu fikralarin getirdiklerine ve neyden bahsediyolar, hr baglanti var mi yok mu, authordan bahsetmissin ama asil fikranin author icin etkisinden bahsetmemissin, yani author bu fikradan nasil etkilenecek ?) At that point, General Comment No 17 which was adopted by the ECSR Committee has to be pointed out regarding the question whether Article 15(1) (c) refers to the protection of intellectual property. According to the General Comment on Article 15(1)(c) of ICESCR, it is not possible to conclude that article 15(1)(c) protects intellectual property rights or lift up intellectual property to the human rights stratosphere.  [17]  This case is mentioned in some paragraphs of General Comment such as paragraph 1 saying that it is important not to equate intellectual property rights with the human right recognized in article 15, paragrap1 (c) by showing the reasons stated in paragraph 1 and 2 where it generally stresses the difference between human rights and intellectual property rights and paragraph 7 noting that intellectual property rights entitlements, because of their different nature, are not protected at the level of human rights. Furthermore, the committee limits the scope of the author term by stating that no legal entity can be deemed to be an author through implementing the words everyone, he and she by indicating the drafters belief that authors of scientific, literary or artistic productions can only be natural persons.  [18]  This interpretation shows that intellectual property rights are neither recognized as human rights nor mentioned under that article. For, intellectual property right holders in most cases are legal entities such as the large companies holding patents that can have a potential to affect the medicine attainability and exempting these companies is against its nature. On the other hand, in the light of general comment no 17, it can also be construed that not all intellectual property rights but only the natural owners intellectual property rights are recognised as human rights. Besides, article 12 of UDHR  [19]  , which provides protection against arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home or correspondence and against attacks upon honour and reputation, is also accepted within the wider intellectual property framework, such as an action for violation of confidence, trade secrets, moral rights and even personality rights.  [20]  ( bu paragraph hem kisa biraz uzun olmasi lazim hemde biraz bu konu hakkinda sende yorum yap) Moreover, the ICCPR does not provide a positive basis for the protection of intellectual property rights, but under article 17 it guarantees, indirectly, the protection of moral rights that there shall not be any unlawful attacks on a persons honour and repudiation and also Article 19 mentions the freedom of expression which contains right to receive and impart information and ideas which shows that there is further indirect protection for reputational rights.  [21]  (Freedom of expressionnun insanin en temel haklarindan oldugundan vazgecilemeyeceginden bahsedip Article 19 da da deginilmesi dolayli bir koruma getiridgine kanit oldugunu soylebilirsin) THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Furthermore, the European Court of Human Rights has identified intellectual property rights as human rights when interpreting the term possession in Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In Anheuser-Busch Inc v Portugal case  [22]  which is related to the application of brought by Anheuser-Busch Company to register the Budweiser as a trade mark which had already been registered as a designation of origin on behalf of a Czechoslovak Company, the Grand Chamber of ECHR held that IPRs undeniably attracted the protection of Article 1 of Protocol No.1 of the ECHR and that it is clear a trade mark falls within the scope of the term possession under that article. Similar decision was held for copyrights by ECHR in Basan v Moldova  [23]  that the protection under article 1 also extends to copyrights.  [24]  Besides, in Smith Kline and French Laboratories Ltd v the Netherlands  [25]  the ECHR indicated that pa tent amounts to a possession within the meaning of that article.  [26]  Thus, even if the scope of the term possession is not defined explicitly, there is no doubt that the intellectual property rights are protected by article 1 of protocol 1 of the convention. This interpretation is also mentioned by an author that: The concept of possessions in the first part of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 has an autonomous meaning which is not limited to the ownership of physical goods and is independent from the formal classification in domestic law: certain other rights and interests constituting assets can also be regarded as property rights, and thus as possessions for the purposes of this provision.  [27]  ( concept of the possessionsi paragrafin baslarina al, caselar hakkinda cok detayli bilgi gerekmiyo bence ve sonlara dogru mahkemenin tutumunu kendi yorumunla acikca belirt) TRIPS AGREEMENT AND REALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS After analysing the intellectual property-related human rights instruments, we should also examine the human rights related intellectual property agreement which is the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, more commonly known as TRIPS negotiated in 1994 at the Uruguay Round of GATT and the ratification of TRIPS became a compulsory requirement of WTO membership. Any countries willing to enter international markets facilitated by WTO have to comply with strictly enforced intellectual property law by TRIPS. This makes TRIPS a very critical instrument for maintaining intellectual property laws in the time of globalization. The TRIPS agreement that has a so-called major aim to enhance the standards of intellectual property rights, particularly in under-developed countries, has huge impacts on the realization of human rights through its implementation.  [28]  For, under TRIPS the protection of patents is strengthened however this strengthening has started being harmful for fundamental human rights such as right to health.  [29]  In other words, the nexus between the intellectual property rights and realization of human rights in under-developed countries occurs with regard to a number of human rights such as rights to health particularly in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemics in Africa and India.  [30]  This is due to the fact that medical patents force countries to introduce product patents in pharmaceuticals, thereby not allowing the generic medicines which leads to dramatic drop in the prices of these drugs, adversely effecting the medicines accessibility and endanger the life of a subst antial number of persons, thereby the human rights to health.  [31]   In my point of view, TRIPS Agreement fulfils its own obligations partly by emphasising, impliedly under article 7, the need to balance the human rights and intellectual property rights, by not providing any method on how to accomplish this balance.  [32]  Therefore, the ways of achieving that balance should be inserted by a clause into TRIPS Agreement since in terms of right to health, the affordability and accessibility of medicines, particularly by needy people, are the two major components of right to health. As a result, TRIPS Agreement, contrary to its so-called aim to enhance the standards of intellectual property rights particularly in under-developed countries, has brought benefits only to developed countries and this has done by preventing the development of developing countries. Therefore, TRIPS Agreement should be amended as soon as possible. The reaction, against the impacts of intellectual property rights on the realization of human rights such as the significant changes in the drug prices, is also taken in hand by the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights which declares that any intellectual property rights regime that which would make it more difficult for a state to comply with its core obligations in relation to the right to health and food would be inconsistent with the legally binding obligations  [33]  of the concerned state.  [34]   CONCLUSION In my point of view, which is also the dominant view among people concerning the question whether intellectual property rights are human rights, intellectual property rights cannot be recognized as human rights  [35]  since they are incompatible to each other. After the WTOs TRIPS agreement was adopted which made WTO countries to include patent protection for pharmaceuticals, this dominant view among authorities has strengthened and the view of adherents started to argue that the duties imposed by the TRIPS agreement, particularly in the form of medical patent, come in the way of countries fulfilling their international obligations towards fulfilling their citizens right to health, which is a well recognised human right.  [36]   Moreover, it is commonly accepted by many authorities, including authors and also the General Comment No 17  [37]  regarding the Article 15(1) (c) of ICESCR, that defining intellectual property rules as human rights is problematic at the theoretical level since on the one side human rights are the rights that are inalienable and part of universal entitlements that are not limited in time or space and cannot be suspended or curtailed. On the other side, Intellectual property rights are limited-duration statutory rights which are granted by the State. Furthermore, it is not really logical to recognise intellectual property rights as human rights whereas human rights such as right to health are recognized as rights that are inherent to mankind by virtue of their humanity. Besides, they can be curtailed in certain circumstances where they conflict with the larger interests of society.  [38]   The reason of focusing on the underdeveloped and developing countries is that HIV and AIDS affect people living in poorer countries to an exponentially greater extent than people in rich countries.  [39]  ( bence, son cumleyi bu konuyu anlattigin yere eklersen daha iyi olacak gibi cunku genel bilgi verirken ozel bir aciklama yapmissin)

Clean Edge Razor

Clean Edge Razor Haifeng Chen 1. What changes are occurring in the non-disposable razor category? Assess Paramount’s competitive position. What are the strategic life cycle challenges for Paramount’s current product as well as for Clean Edge? The rate of new-product introductions for non-disposable razors and refill cartridges had accelerated in recent years, with an unprecedented flurry of 22 new stock-keeping units being introduced between 2008 and 2009. Most of these new SKUs were line extensions targeted at the super-premium segment and promoted benefits from advances in technology.Because of the new product introductions and in order to simulate demand, total media advertising expenditures in this category had been rising faster than retail market sales, and this trend was expected to continue. And the distribution of such products has been changed for the increasing shelf space for the product category. And the consumers have changed into more sophisticated in sha ving. Paramount has two non-disposable products, which allow the company to capture the unit-volume market-leader position.About the product life cycle, providing a product with good cost x benefit but with a short life cycle for the 33% called â€Å"Maintenance users† keeping these users buying their products and interested in their brands. Otherwise, launch the Clean Edge product with a longer life cycle. Also, making this product profitable creating a fidelity from the consumer when they buy cartridges for refill. 2. How is the non-disposable razor market segmented? Examine consumer behavior for non-disposable razors. Paramount found that the intensity of involvement with the product varied significantly among consumers.There is a group of consumers that Paramount labeled as â€Å"Maintenance Shavers† who were almost completely disinterested in the product category. They treat the shaving as a chore and do it inconsistently. â€Å"Social/Emotional† shavers we re motivated by the overall shaving experience. They think that shaving is an essential part of a daily grooming ritual and also makes them feel more attractive and confident. â€Å"Aesthetic† shavers were more fancy of cosmetic result. They not only remove the unwanted hair but also want to smooth skin. The three categories have different wants and demands in a shaving behavior.We can observe that 67%(39%+28%)consumers are focusing on the premium segment. Also, they are becoming more sophisticated and expecting new technologies to smooth the shaving process. 3. What are the arguments for launching clean air as (a) a niche product; (b) a mainstream brand? Which would you recommend? What are the strategic implications of your recommendation? The argument for launching Clean Edge as a niche product is that if launching the Clean Edge as a mainstream product, the company would face a crisis that the customers of Pro products would transfer to the Clean Edge.The strategy will dil ute the brand power for the Pro so as to lead to the unwanted cannibalization. Otherwise, launching Clean Edge would complement the existing product portfolio so that expand the product line. If launching it as mainstream product, the reasons are that the consumers are becoming more sophisticated and expect more advanced technology. Positioning Clean Edge as a mainstream product will help prevent loyal Paramount customers from being wooed away to more innovative brands. My recommendation is based on the initial financial forecasts for both options and the ROI.The Exhibit 7 indicates that the total cost of launching niche first year is 1*5+4*2. 43+15+0. 61=30. 33m, the revenue is 9. 09*1+7. 35*4=38. 49m. The ROI would be 38. 49-30. 33/30. 33*100%=27%. The total cost of launching mainstream is 3. 3*4. 74+9. 9*2. 24+42+1. 71=81. 528m, the revenue is 3. 3*7. 83+9. 9*6. 22=87. 417m. The ROI would be 87. 417-81. 528/81. 528*100%=7. 2%. After calculation, I would choose to launch it as nic he product, because the ROI of niche product is much more greater than mainstream one which means we can invest less to gain more. 4.Based on your positioning strategy, what brand name and marketing budget allocations would you recommend? Based on my positioning strategy, the brand name would be more suitable for standing apart from the current lines with an emphasis on the â€Å"Clean Edge† name. because the positioning is launching a niche product which is a branch of the main brand. If the new product does not well in its sales performance, it would not hurt the main brand intensively. The other reason is that applying this sort of brand name, it would not easily cannibalize the main brand product, which is good for the existing product.Speaking of the budget allocation, I will recommend the company focus on the advertising more. Because we position the product as a niche product, the buying behavior will slightly relate to the trade promotion. The targeting group doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t really care about the trade promotion, what they really care about is that if there is a specialized product made for them. The essential part is letting them know there is something we made for them. So I think the company can reallocate the trade promotion budget on the advertising budget.

Assessing a Company’s Financial Future

Assessing a Company’s Future Financial Health Case Analysis Executive Summary A firm’s ability to analyze its long-term financial health can become a key asset for management as it formulates new, and/or revises old, strategies and goals. The key goal of management is to anticipate future imbalances in its financial systems before a negative result occurs within its financials. As the HBR case describes, â€Å"Management must ensure the continuity of the flow of funds to all of its strategically important programs, even in periods of adversity. This is true in business but also in everyone’s personal life. There will always be ups and downs in life, but everyone as an individual must prepare for these obstacles and continue to strive forward. Analysis 1. Does high growth always require external financing? No, high growth of a firm does not always require external financing. The need for a firm to rely on external financing depends on the industry of the firm. As explained in the case, a restaurant does not require external financing to result in high growth.With a low level of total assets found in a restaurant, it will not need financing during a period where it experiences rapid growth because the financial gap will be offset by the increase in accrued expenses. On the other hand, in a different industry where the level of total assets is quite large, this gap can’t be sufficed by an increase on the liabilities side of the balance sheet. This gap can only be bridged by obtaining loans or issuing debt against the firm. 2. Fill in the blanks on pages 6 through 10. Sales Growth 1. During the four-year period ended December 31, 2008, SciTronics’ sales grew at a 65. 9% compound rate. There were no acquisitions or divestitures. Profitability Ratios 1. SciTronics’ profit as a percentage of sales in 2008 was 5. 74%. (Return on Sales = Net Income/Net Sales = $14 mil/$244 mil) 2. This represented an increase from 3. 40% in 200 5. (Return on Sales = $5 mil/ $147 mil) 3. SciTronics had a total of $111 mil of capital at year-end 2008 and earned, before interest but after taxes (EBIAT), $15. 158 mil in 2008. Its return on capital was 13. 66% in 2008, which represented an increase from the 7. 72% earned in 2005. 4. SciTronics had $75 mil of owner’s equity and earned $14 mil after taxes in 2008.Its return on equity was 18. 67%, which represented an improvement from the 8. 20% earned in 2005. (ROE2008 = 14 mil/75 mil and ROE2005 =5 mil/61 mil) Activity Ratios 1. Total asset turnover for SciTronics in 2008 can be calculated by dividing $159 mil into $244 mil. The turnover deteriorated from 1. 58 times in 2005 to 1. 53 times in 2008. 2. SciTronics had $66 mil invested in accounts receivable at year-end 2008. Its average sales per day were $668,493. 15 during 2008 and its average collection period was 98. 73 days. This represented an improvement from the average collection period of 104. 9 days in 2005. 3. S ciTronics apparently needed $29 mil of inventory at year-end 2008 to support its operations during 2008. Its activity during 2008 as measured by the cost of goods sold was $74 mil. It therefor had an inventory turnover of 2. 55 times. This represented an improvement from 2. 05 times in 2005. (Inv. Turnover2008 = 74 mil/29 mil and Inv. Turnover2005 = 43 mil/21 mil) 4. SciTronics had net fixed assets of $18 mil and sales of $244 mil in 2008. Its fixed asset turnover ratio in 2008 was 13. 56 times, a deterioration from 16. 33 times in 2005. (FA Turnover2008 = 244 mil/18 mil and FATurnover2005 = 147 mil/9 mil) Leverage Ratios 1. SciTronics’ ratio of total assets divided by owner’s equity increased from 1. 52 at year-end 2005 to 2. 12 at year-end 2008. 2. At year-end 2008, SciTronics total liabilities were 52. 83% of its total assets, which compares with 34. 41% in 2005. 3. The market value of SciTronics equity was $175,000,000 at December 31, 2008. The total debt ratio at market was 32. 43%. (TD @ market = 84 mil/259 mil) 4. SciTronics’ earnings before interest and taxes (operating income) were $24 mil in 2008 and its interest charges were $2 mil. Its times interest earned was 12 times.This represented an improvement from the 2005 level of 9 times. 5. SciTronics owed its suppliers $6 mil at year-end 2008. This represented 8. 11% of cost of goods sold and was a decrease from 11. 63% at year-end 2005. The company appears to be more prompt in paying its suppliers in 2008 than it was in 2005. 6. The financial riskiness of SciTronics decrease between 2005 and 2008. Liquidity Ratios 1. SciTronics held $133 mil of current assets at year-end 2008 and owed $48 mil to creditors, due to be paid within one year. SciTronics’ current ratio was 2. 77, an decrease from the ratio of 3. 90 at year-end 2005. . The quick ratio for SciTronics at year end 2008 was 2. 17, and increase/decrease from the ratio of 2. 90 at year-end 2005. (Quick2008 = (133 mil-29 mil)/48 mil and Quick2005 = (82 mil-21 mil)/21 mil) Profitability Revisited 1. The improvement in SciTronics’ return on equity from 8. 2% in 2005 to 18. 7% in 2008 resulted from an increase (RoS2008 = 14 mil/244 mil and RoS2005 = 5 mil/147 mil) in its return on sales; and from an decrease (ATO2008=244 mil/159 mil and ATO2005=147 mil/93 mil) in its asset turnover, and an decrease (Lev2008=159 mil/75 mil and Lev2005=147 mil/61 mil) in its financial leverage. . Assign the five unidentified industries to A, B, C, D, and E on Exhibit 3. A Electric Utility – low inventory, large fixed assets B Discount General Merchandise Retailer – large fixed assets C Japanese automobile manufacturer – large fixed assets, longest inventory turnover time D Automated Test Equipment – low inventory, high accounts payable E Upscale Apparel Retailer – small margin of profitability, medium-sized inventory

Feminism A Feminist Perspective - 1083 Words

Feminism is an interesting topic to cover. Feminism is often associated with or assumed to be radical feminism, despite the fact that they are two different mindsets. Feminism, in its purest sense, is the seeking of gender equality in society. It seeks to go against the idea of male supremacy and gender stereotypes, saying that both of the two are oppressive and uncalled for. Radical feminism tends to have more to do with the concept of patriarchy, saying that female dominance has been â€Å"historically proven† to be beneficial. While the concepts within radical feminism became popular in the 1960s, during the arisal of second-wave feminism, feminism itself has been around for quite some time. This essay will be looking at the origins of and development of first-wave feminism in the late 1800s. Feminism exists as a concept and a moral. You can not put dates to a concept. Of course, there were figures that represented this concept, The Greek philosopher Plato is one s uch example. It is disputed whether or not Plato is truly a feminist, but he could still be considered to be someone who supported (at least somewhat) the concept of gender equality. The more equally-statused women portrayed in Plato’s works tended to be a bit masculine in their qualities. This is not a surprise, though. Plato did not live in a time in which equality was normal. Women were thought to be â€Å"lower† beings, lacking intelligence and use (other than bearing children, of course.) The factShow MoreRelatedFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1505 Words   |  7 PagesDate Feminism is a movement that is targeted towards a common goal which is, achieving equal rights for women in each sector; cultural, economic, social and personal. Its main aim is to seek to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. A feminist advocate is in charge of supporting the rights of women and advocating for equality. 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